Superbugs: How You Can Defend Superbugs with the Help of Biotechnology Firms?

Recce Pharmaceuticals, based in Australia, develops antibacterial polymers, whereas Aridis Pharmaceuticals creates monoclonal antibodies and Sigyn Therapeutics creates blood detoxifying devices.

Fremont, CA: Bacteria are the ideal two-faced organisms: on the one hand, they constitute a vital microbiome that governs human health, while on the other hand, they may swiftly change into life-threatening illnesses. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are stealthily strong germs that have evolved to today's outsmart antibiotic treatments.

Several biotechnology firms are working on alternative ways to target and destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria, sometimes known as superbugs, to combat the problem. Recce Pharmaceuticals, based in Australia, develops antibacterial polymers, whereas Aridis Pharmaceuticals creates monoclonal antibodies and Sigyn Therapeutics creates blood detoxifying devices. All three businesses employ technologies that aren't the same as the commonly used natural antibiotics like penicillin.

In 1928, accidental contact with fungus infection in a laboratory petri dish led to the discovery of penicillin, the first natural antibiotic. However, several more natural antibiotics (such as streptomycin) have been using soil microbe screens. However, bacteria's ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics has outpaced scientists' ability to find and create new antibiotic classes.

Recce's flagship therapeutic candidate, R327, is a synthetic polymer in Phase I trials for sepsis, with a Phase I/II study for burn wound infections now underway. R327 employs several inhibitory mechanisms that operate together in a "synergistic compounding" manner. These methods include adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inhibition, cellular membranes permeabilization, and bacterial cell division inhibition.

While Recce's R327 tries to fight superbugs directly, Aridis Pharmaceuticals' monoclonal antibody technology uses a different technique – detoxifying – to harness the body's innate immune response against these infections.

AR-301, Aridis' leading candidate, is a human-derived humanized monoclonal antibody to alpha toxins selectively. Alpha toxins, which are virulence agents generated by superbugs like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), cause immune cells or other endogenous cells to erupt or lyse. According to Aridis CEO Vu Truong, Ph.D., these virulence factors or poisons are responsible for the majority of the pathogenicity of these superbugs. The immune system may get revived by eliminating these poisons from the body, allowing it to fight against superbugs.

Truong characterized the antibody discovery procedure as first finding patients with innate skills to combat superbugs, then extracting a blood sample from them. The genetic sequences of the most strong antibodies can be cloned into a manufacturing cell line to create huge amounts of the antibody by screening the blood for antibodies that have a strong binding potential to bacterial virulence proteins. One benefit of this method, according to Truong, is that the antibodies are human-derived.

In Phase I/II investigations of individuals with severe S. aureus pneumonia, AR-301 was found to be safe and well-tolerated. The antibody is now getting tested in Phase III studies.

According to Truong, individuals treated with AR-301 had shorter breathing times than those who did not get therapy in the early studies. Furthermore, the treated group's bacterial elimination was quicker. Although these patterns were not statistically relevant, Truong is optimistic that their bigger Phase III research would yield similar beneficial findings.