A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NASH)
NASH can be managed with medication, surgery, and lifestyle modifications.
FREMONT, CA: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is a disorder in which fat accumulates in the liver. NASH (or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) is a kind of NAFLD that causes liver damage. NASH develops when fat builds up in the liver, causing inflammation (hepatitis) and scarring. NASH is potentially fatal since it can develop liver scarring (cirrhosis) or liver cancer. NASH affects an estimated 3 percent to 5 percent of the global population; however, the illness is widely underdiagnosed.
Researchers are trying to figure out why some patients with NAFLD develop NASH while others don't. The condition could be hereditary. If a person has a family history of NASH or NAFLD, they are at risk. Furthermore, having certain health issues can raise a person's risk of developing NASH.
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How does one diagnose NASH?
One of the difficulties with a condition like NASH is that most people who have it feel great and may not realize they have a liver problem until the disease is advanced. This can be harmful because NASH can cause significant liver damage. NASH is typically detected when a healthcare provider discovers abnormal results from typical blood or liver tests as part of a physical examination or when imaging studies reveal fat in the liver.
A liver biopsy is the only way to confirm a person's NASH diagnosis. However, a biopsy is costly, time-consuming, and can result in catastrophic problems. A biopsy involves putting a needle through the skin into the liver to extract a tiny sample. This sample is then examined under a microscope to identify fat, inflammation, and liver cell damage.
How NASH is treated: Many healthcare practitioners advise decreasing weight to assist in the control of NASH. Losing weight can assist in reducing fat, scarring, and inflammation in the liver. If individuals have NASH and are overweight or obese, they may need to reduce 3 percent to 5 percent of their body weight. Reducing fat and sugar in the diet can help with this. To prevent further liver damage, they should avoid drinking heavily.
If someone with NASH develops liver cirrhosis, they may be treated with medications and various medical treatments. However, if cirrhosis progresses to liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary. However, researchers are working to find new ways to prevent, detect, and cure the condition.
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